拉丁名：Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang

分类地位：山茶科（Theaceae）猪血木属（Euryodendron），中国特有的单种属植物

保护等级：

目前处于极度濒危状态。被《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》和《中国植物红皮书》列为濒危级别，国家二级保护植物。但王发国等（2004）建议列为国家一级保护植物，且当地政府已作为国家一级保护植物进行挂牌。按IUCN的濒危物种评价标准，其成熟个体低于250株，属于临界濒临灭绝（CR）物种。

2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: critically endangered; China National Conservation Status: Grade I

形态学特征 Morphological Characteristics

猪血木为常绿高大乔木，高15-25米，胸径60-150厘米，树皮灰褐色，芽被短柔毛。叶互生，长6-10厘米，边缘具细锯齿，叶柄长3-5毫米。果球形，肉质，成熟时紫黑色，花果期10-12月。初花期为每年7月下旬，盛花期为8月上、中旬，产花量较多。果期从8月下旬持续至12月，幼果小而绿色、继而生长膨大成红色，12月成熟时为紫红色浆果。种子数目多少与果实大小相关，一般子房3室、偶见2室，每室具胚珠6-8个，但平均每个成熟果实产种子6-8粒，最多达15粒、最少3粒。

Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang is an evergreen tree and can grow as high as 15-25m.  Like some other Theaceae plants, the bark of E. excelsum is grayish brown or grayish black, with reddish brown or pale grayish brown branchlets and elliptic or oblong-elliptic leaves.  The white flower of E. excelsum is bisexual, flowering from September to November.  Its berried fruit becomes bluish black when mature between October and January the following year, with 2 or 3 seeds per locule.

生态学特性 Ecological Characteristics

猪血木通常分布在海拔40～400m之间的山地疏林或者斜坡上，一般同楝树、樟树、油茶、榕树和白饭树等树种混生。猪血木的生长区域属南亚热带季风气候，土壤为砖红壤或赤红壤，通常比较肥沃。

E. excelsum usually occurs in open forest on hilly slopes or in valleys between 40 and 400m.  The accompanied species in E. excelsum community mostly are evergreen plants such as Melia dubia, Cinnamomum camphora, Camellia oleifera, Ficus heteramorphan, and Fluggea virosa.  The climate that E. excelsum favorited is the tropical monsoon climate and the soil type of the habitat of this species typically belongs to the Red Soil.

地理分布 Geographical Distribution

分布区极狭窄，根据过去调查资料，猪血木历史上曾分布于广东省阳春县八甲乡以及广西省平南县和巴马县。目前仅分布于广东省阳春县八甲镇地区，仅残存一个居群。

The geographical distribution of E. excelsum is limited and its current distribution only restricted in the Bajia town of the Yangchun county, Guangdong province of China despite it has been occurred in the Pingnan county and Bama county of Guangxi province.

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Neighbouring posts: « 绿色生命植物保护网站开通了-GreenLife is online | 猪血木保护现状－Current status of conservation of Euryodendron excelsum »

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